System of distribution.



J. B. TAYLOR.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 4, 190 6.

Fig. i.

' Witnesses:

p I 11 i- Cl 0 g PATENTED DEC. 10, 1907.

Inventor-z botentials with respect to earth.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

.ItlllN ll. TAYLOR, OI StllENl'lt lAllY. NEW YORK, ASSl'tlNOlt 'lt) GENERAL Elll ltl'lltlG Ct).\lP.\NY, A CORPORATION ()l" NEW YORK.

SYSTEM OF DISTRIBUTION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 10, 1907.

Qpplication filed January 4.1906- Serial No. 294.566-

citizen of the United States, residing at Schenectady, county of Schenectady, State of N cw York, have invented certain new and useful lmprovcnrents in Systems of Distribution, of which the following is a specification.

\ly invention relates to alternating-current distribution, and particularly torailways operated by alternating-current. If a lmv-voltage conductor, such as a telegraph or telephone wire, extends in close proximity to a conductor carrying single-phase alternating-currcnt, the low-voltage conductor is subject to disturbances due to induction both static andinagnctic. Thus, in a single-phase altern'ating-current railway a telegraph wire on the same poles with the working conductor is subject to such disturbances.- The disturbances due to magnetic. induct ion are largely avoided when substations are connected to both ends of the working conductor. F or instance, if a section of the working conductor cxtendin between two sub-stations is considered, it will be seen that with a car in the middle of the section, the current in one-half the section will neutralize the inductive eil'ect of the current in the other half, and when the car is not in the center the tendency to neutralization continues, since when the car is nearer oneend ot' the section than the other, the shorter part of the section carries a greater current.

.\l invention consists in arranging such a system with the working conductor sectioned at the sub-stations and connected so -that static induction is avoided. I accomplish this by so connecting the transformers at the sub-stations that ad'acent sections are maintained at relativel y opposite That is, when one section is positive with respect to earth the adjacent section at the same instant will be ne ative with respect to earth. Consequently, t 1e static inductions of the two sections on an adjacent conductor will neutralize each other.

My invention further consists in supplying potentials as above described to both ends of each section. In this manner magnetic inductive effects of both kinds are also avoided, for the reasons already explained. My invention will best be understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which i Figure 1 shows diagrammatically the distribution system of a sin le-phase railway; and Fig. 2 shows a modi ication of the-arrangement of transformersat a sub-station.

In Fig. 1 H represents the high-tension conductors om w iich energy is supplied to the working conductor throu h sub-stations comprising step-down trans ormers. Such transformers are indicated at T, T" and T. The working conductor is formed in sections S, S S and S, each section extending from one sub-station to another. The central point of the secondary of each sub station transformer is connected to earth and-the outer terminals of the secondary winding are connected to the ends of the two sections ending at that substation. With this arrangement it will be seen that at the instant when one section, as, for instance, S is at a positive potentlal with respect to earth the adjacent section S will be at an equal negative potential. Consequently if a low-voltage conductor 0 extends parallel with and adjacent to the working conductor, the static inductions of the two sections 5 and S on the conductor C will neutralize each other. Since, as has been explained heretofore, the currents in the two portions of each section of the working conductor supplying a car neutralize each other, as far as magnetic induction upon the adjacent conductor C is concerned,

practically all inductive effects. upon the conductor 0 are avoided.

Many other arrangements of the trans formers supplying the working conductor may be employed. Thus, for instance, in Fig/ 2 I have shown two separate transformers t and t, each 'supplying one end of.

comprising a plurality of insulated sections,

and sources of alternating voltage connected betweeneach section and earth and arranged to supply to a portion of said sections a positive potential with respect to earth at the instant the remaining sections are at a negative potential with respect to earth.

2. In a system of distribution, a conductor comprising a plurality of insulated sections, and sources of alternating voltage onnected between each end of each section nd earth and arranged to supply to a portion of said sections a positive potential with respect to earth at the instantthe remaining sections are at a negative potential with respect to earth. v a

3. In a system of distribution, a conductor comprising a lurality of insulated sections,

and sources 0 alternating voltage connected between each end of each section and earth and arranged to supply to adjacent sections relatively opposite potentials with respect to earth.

4. In a railway system operated by alter- Hating-current, a plurality of sub-stations, a working conductor composed of sections each extending between adjacent sub-sta-- tions, and transformers at said sub-stations potential.

connected between the endsofieach section and earth, said transformers being arranged to supply to a portion of said sections a positive potential with respect to earth at the instant the remalmng sections are at a negative 7 5. In a railway system operated by alternating-current, a plurality of substations, a working conductor composed of sections each extending between adjacent sub-stations, and transformers at said sub-stati0ns connected between the ends of each section and earth and arranged to supply to adjacent sections relativelyopposite potentials a supply with respect to earth.

6. In a system of distribution, a conductor comprising a plurality of insulated sections, circuit, and transformers having their primaries connected in multiple to the supply circuit and their secondaries connected between the sections of said conductor and earth and arranged tomaintaina portion of said'sections at a potential opposite with respect to earth to the potential of the other sections.

7. In a system of distribution, a conductor comprising a plurality of insulated sections, a supply circuit, and transformers having their prr iaries connected in multiple to the supply circuit and their secondaries connected between the sections of said conductor and earth and arranged'to supply current to bothends of each section and to maintain a portion of said sections at a potential opposite with respect to earth to the potential ofthe other sections.

' 8. In a railway system operated by alternating-current, a plurality of sub-stations, a working conductor composed of sections each extending between adj acent sub-stations, a supply-circuit extending through the substations, and transformers atsaid stations having their rimaries connected in multipleto said supp y circuit and their secondaries connected between the sections of said conductor and earth and arranged to maintain a portion of said sections at a potential op 0- site with respect to earth to the potentia of the other sections.

9. In a railway system operated by alternating-current, a plurality of sub-stations, a working conductor composed of sections each extending between adjacent sub-stations, a supply circuit extending through said substations, and transformers at said substations having their primaries connected in 

